What role do surge tanks play in a pumping system?

Surge tanks are essential components in pumping systems, primarily serving to manage flow surges. When there is a sudden change in the flow rate, such as when a pump starts or stops, it can create pressure fluctuations known as hydraulic transients or water hammer effects. These fluctuations can lead to pipe damage and operational issues.

By incorporating surge tanks, the system can absorb these surges and provide a buffer. They serve to smooth out the flow by allowing excess fluid to enter the tank during periods of high flow, thereby reducing pressure spikes. When the flow decreases, the surge tank releases the stored fluid back into the system, maintaining a more consistent flow rate and protecting the integrity of the piping infrastructure. This function is crucial in ensuring that pumping systems operate efficiently and safely.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of surge tanks within a pumping system.