What is a potential consequence of cavitation in a pump?

Cavitation occurs when the pressure of a liquid in a pump falls below its vapor pressure, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. When these bubbles collapse, they can generate shock waves that can damage the pump’s internal components, such as impellers and casings. This physical erosion can significantly reduce the operational lifespan of the pump and lead to costly repairs or replacements.

In contrast, the other options suggest benefits that are typically associated with effective pump operation. Improved performance, reduced maintenance costs, and increased energy efficiency are all positive outcomes that should be aimed for in pump operation, but they do not align with the negative effects caused by cavitation. Therefore, recognizing cavitation as a cause of potential pump damage is paramount in maintaining efficient and effective pump operation.