What happens if NPSH is not sufficient in a pumping system?

When Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is insufficient in a pumping system, cavitation is a significant risk. Cavitation occurs when the pressure in the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid, causing the formation of vapor bubbles within the fluid. As these bubbles travel through the pump, they can collapse violently when they enter higher pressure regions, leading to localized shock waves that can cause damage to the pump impeller and other internal components.

This phenomenon can severely affect the performance of the pump, resulting in reduced flow, increased vibration, and ultimately, potential pump failure. Insufficient NPSH can arise from several factors, including inadequate fluid supply, excessive pump elevation, or the use of a pump that is not designed to handle the specific characteristics of the fluid being moved.

Thus, ensuring adequate NPSH is crucial for the smooth and efficient operation of a pumping system, as it helps prevent cavitation and maintains the integrity of the pump over time.